Choose N Enroll Archives - OMS eLearning Academy for Refinery Offsite Operations

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This is a placeholder for the topic to be included in this academy in the future. The topic will cover any of the MCOR areas for the refinery operations, namely 1. How to manage infrastructure, 2. How to control manufacturing…

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OEA100T-Octane Measurement by Knock Engine

OEA103T-Comparison of Knock engine versus Spectrum based methods

OEA102T-Octane Measurement by Spectrum based technology

OEA101T-Integrated Analyzers Technology and Applications

OEA104T-NIR and NMR versus CFR analyzers – Selection and Cost Effectiveness

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OEA106T-Test your Octane Knowledge

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OEA99T-LPG Blending

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OEA92T-Gasoline Blending

OEA91T-Butane Blending

The blending of Butane with gasoline is done to enhance RVP (Reid Vapor Pressure). It is a light liquid stream. Because of high Octane, Butane is preferred for gasoline blending. Here, there is a limitation of high RVP. Because of…

OEA96T-Ethanol Blending

OEA95T-Bunker oil Blending

OEA94T-Fuel Oil Blending

OEA93T-Diesel Blending

OEA98T-Lube oil Blending

OEA97T-Naptha Blending

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OEA2T-Advanced Blend Control Strategy

Blending technology has advanced in bits and pieces over the last 50+ years to its current state. These changes happened as the business regulations changed, advancements in car manufacturing required better fuels, and competition increased from other refineries in the…

OEA33T-How to realize and sustain benefits

The concept of key performance indicators (KPI) is a critical technique to assess the progress toward the success and achievement of the refinery objectives. This topic deals with the diesel rundown blender, kerosene rundown blender, open-loop KPI criteria, steps to…

OEA35T-Identifications of Automation Areas

Most refineries have or are in the process of shifting their manual equipment into automated systems to create an efficient, precise environment. Many valves can be automated and controlled by software. This topic will discuss blending operations survey areas, survey…

OEA36T-Interface with Other Systems

This course will learn how a petroleum refinery interacts with other instrumentation technology and information technology systems. These interactions happen through a system called an interface. This topic will discuss process and systems interfaces, offline blend optimizer interfaces, online blend…

OEA15T-Blending Modeling Process

The blending modeling process consists of mixing feedstocks to make several blends. Accuracy plays a significant role in blend modeling. Any inaccuracy may result in an overall reduction of profit because it may sacrifice the quality of the product. This…

OEA14T-Blending Definition and Formulation

Nowadays, different product qualities are blended to achieve the product that has preferred qualities. The blending process mixes components with other attributes to make blend products with specific characteristics. This topic will discuss the mathematical formulation of the fuel blending…

OEA13T-Blenders Configurations

Crude oil consists of a complex mixture of hydrocarbons and hetero compounds. In petroleum refineries, understanding blending is essential because different product qualities are blended to achieve a product with specific qualities. This topic teaches the definition of blending, why…

OEA12T-Blend Trim Control

Trim blending control is done through ratio control in a system to streamline refinery operations. It aims at producing high-quality blends to reduce blend costs while maintaining specification compliance. High octane component is used for trim blending. This topic discusses…

OEA19T-LPG, Lube and Naptha Blending

In the product blending process, distinctive blending components are distributed so that the final product fulfills the required specifications at the lowest possible cost. However, determining the exact final product properties can be challenging. Therefore, the prime objective of this…

OEA18T-Control and Optimization of run-down blending system

There are two methods of blending: batch in-line blending and multi-header rundown blending. Batch in-line blending uses a single header while all blend components are proportionally and simultaneously conducted. On the other hand, multiple-header rundown blending involves many processing units.…

OEA17T-Collaboration of Data and Process for Refinery Offsite Operations

Various refining process data types deal with several processes within a refinery industry to bring out the required output. The data types consider the available data so that processes can be controlled accordingly. This topic discusses how processes and data…

OEA16T-Problems and Challenges of Blending Operations

Refiners must increase their operational efficiencies to meet demand by producing refined products, maximizing their productivity, and lowering the costs of their products. Therefore, the prime objective of this topic is to outline blending problems and challenges that should be…

OEA23T-Demonstration of An Offline Blend Optimizer System

Blending in a refinery is essential to minimize cost and maximize profit while producing products within the required specifications and demands. Therefore, all the available components are utilized to produce specified products. This topic will discuss offline blend optimizers, compare…

OEA22T-Demo of Commercial Oil Movement and Storage System

An integrated virtual refinery simulation platform is obtained when system simulation joins virtual reality. The applications of a virtual refinery are numerous. This topic will describe the typical tank farm in a refinery, tank information system (TIS), order movement management…

OEA20T-Crude Blending

Blended crude feeds may satisfy the operational needs that they cannot fulfill as individual feeds. Thus, crude blending aims to minimize the reliance on crude-feed quality for stable and optimum operation while maximizing the produced yields and quality. This topic…

OEA24T-Discussion of Results-Marginal Values Analysis

Marginal values are valid for a specific range of variables. They change as soon as a modification is induced in either the independent variable or the dependent variable. They are crucial in the refinery because they help prevent quality giveaways.…

OEA27T-Field Equipment and Instrumentations

For the proper function of a refinery, along with appropriate equipment, adequate instrumentation is also required. Proper instrumentation increases the quality of work, prevents damage, and provides sufficient control over the equipment. This topic will discuss the typical blender, equipment…

OEA26T-Case Study-Blend Optimization Single Blend Single Period

This is a placeholder for the topic to be included in this academy in the future. The topic will cover any of the MCOR areas for the refinery operations, namely: 1. How to manage infrastructure; 2. How to control manufacturing,…

OEA25T-Economical Justifications

Offsite production and maintenance are of vital importance to a refinery economy and viability. Necessary changes in the control and management of offsite operations can be accomplished by automating a refinery offsite, often with less than two years’ payback. This…

OEA30T-How to benchmark the state of refinery’s Fuels Blending System

Refiners use an automated fuel blending system when making fuel products to meet the strict specifications of the end products. Strict monitoring is required to keep the fuel blending system controlled and optimized, so it is crucial to benchmark the…

OEA29T-Gasoline, Diesel and Fuel Oils Specifications

One of the most critical economic challenges for a gasoline refiner is choosing the best mix of elements to manufacture the final gasoline fuel. Unfortunately, blending fuel is far more complicated than simply combining different components. This topic discusses fuel…

OEA28T-Fuel Blending Operations in Refinery

Blending is a vital process in determining the quality of fuel products and profit generation in a refinery. It is done with the help of crude oil products. They are blended and utilized in the production of fuel oil blends,…

OEA31T-How to handle Quality violations and giveaways

The maintenance of petroleum product quality is one of the many challenging tasks in refinery processes. The petroleum refining processes transform crude oil into valuable products. This topic will discuss various challenging issues, giveaways, and violations that affect the quality…

OEA62T-Refinery-wide Planning and Scheduling

A refinery produces many streams of different properties and grades. These streams need to be blended to create a commercial product. The refinery planning process consists of crude oil processing, optimization of the process, and the safety of the process.…

OEA63T-Regression and feedbacks of Blend Model Parameters

A refinery faces tough market competition. Hence, it must be automated. For competitive functioning, blending models must be updated for specific time intervals. Blend model customization is required for every 90 blends or after 90 days. This topic will discuss…

OEA64T-Regulatory Blend Control

There is a control system for preparing the end products obtained by blending prepared by the recipe specifications set in the control system. Then the DCS (distributed control system) operates the specified pumps. This topic will discuss DCS-based recipe control,…

OEA61T-Refinery Offsite Operations

Integration of offsite operations includes task control from beginning to end of operations, defining the sequence of the operation so that which task has priority may be clearly understood, and then operation monitoring. This topic will discuss onsite and offsite…

OEA58T-Pumps, MOV’s and Control Valves

Pumps and valves are used to maintain refinery processes continuously without sacrificing blend accuracy or quality. 10% to 15% of the capital investment in a refinery is for pumps and valves. This topic will discuss equipment automation, the location, purpose,…

OEA59T-Oil and Gas Industry Economics-101

Significant practice in various blending methods is measuring properties and analysis of stock qualities and product qualities. Samples are extracted for analysis and to verify the blend quality. This topic will discuss sampling points, online measurement in a fuel blending…

OEA60T-Quality Relationships, Analysis, Measurements and Control

Points of sampling and online measurements in a blending system helps adjust the proper fuel oil/diesel/gasoline quality. For this purpose, refinery operators take samples from specified locations and analyze them. This topic will discuss sampling points, online measurement in a…

OEA54T-Performance Tracking of online Blend Control

Tracking the performance of an online blend control and optimizer system is crucial to detect problems. A simple, flexible, robust system can be deployed using MS Excel, SQL, or VBA to track post-blend performance. This topic will discuss the objectives…

OEA55T-Problems and Challenges of offsite Operations

As technology advances, so makes market demand. For example, as air pollution is a significant concern, the market now demands that petroleum products reduce this pollution. Meanwhile, the change in-car technology also demands better petroleum byproducts for their running. This…

OEA56T-Products Blending

A refinery produces many blended products, such as asphalt and motor gasoline, to fit requirements. This topic will discuss product yield and types of blending, gasoline blending, diesel blending, kerosene blending, fuel oil blending, lube oil blending, stationary batch tank…

OEA57T-Project Implementation Phases and Strategy

Blending operations involve mixing components, tank allocation, blending of stock products, storage, and product delivery. A well-structured schedule will therefore maximize profit by reducing the cost of transition and improving order delivery. This topic will discuss the typical blending automation…

OEA50T-Optimum Blend Control System Strategy

Component properties concerning blend component tanks may be obtained from laboratory analysis. Component circuits pool components with the same properties to improve blend recipe optimization. This topic will discuss tank farms and component circuits; tank gauging systems; data reconciliation, interfaces,…

OEA51T-An Overview of the Refining Industry

The integration of different systems in a refinery is essential to the performance improvement of various operations and processes. Integration includes the introduction of automated technologies, modern data acquisition systems, and computer programming techniques. This topic will discuss offsite automation,…

OEA52T-An Overview of Offsite Operations

Fuel blending involves mixing two or more types of ingredients with unique attributes into one mixture. This is done to achieve the desired characteristics of all the products in one homogenous batch/final product. This topic will discuss examples of blending,…

OEA53T-An Overview of Fuel Blending Economics

Two variables that make a refinery unique: capability and capacity. Fuel blending and its optimization provide more complexity but better capacity and capability to a refinery. This topic will discuss refinery complexity, world crude oil refining capacity, types of crude…

OEA46T-Offline Blend Planning and Optimization

Enterprise-wide blend planning is helpful in the optimization process of refinery operations. It requires integrated scheduling and planning to minimize the gap between operations. This topic will discuss the blend planning process, gasoline blending, model constraints, optimization options, quality correlations,…

OEA47T-The Economics of Oil Movement and Storage System

The prime challenges concerning oil movement during refinery operations are many. They include performing an efficient periodic reconciliation of oil movements, managing an enormous data set, comparing anticipated data to actual output, and measuring losses. This topic will discuss oil…

OEA48T-Online Analysis of Stock and Header Qualities

Modern oil refineries have incorporated an online analysis system. It consists of sensors, chemical analyzers, and other relevant parameter measurement devices. They are installed in the pipelines at various points. This topic will discuss the online analysis system, discrete analyzers,…

OEA49T-Online Blend Control and Optimization

The tank storage system and pipeline framework of oil refineries are constructed to accommodate different crude blends. The integration of proper online blending systems and automation strategies is essential to sustain maximum overall advantages. This topic will discuss typical two-tier…

OEA43T-Multi Products-Single Period Inventory

Diesel, gasoline, aviation fuel, and many other products are produced because of continuous processes during refinery operations. A final refinery product is obtained by blending many intermediate products to achieve the desired quality, quantity, and schedule specifications. This topic will…

OEA44T-Multi-products, Multi-Periods Optimization (8 Days Rollover)

A refiner aims to increase production while ensuring that specifications concerning petroleum products meet set standards. Mathematical programming models are used for this purpose. This topic will discuss optimizing the built-in case for multi-period/multi-product planning models, the rollover process, stock…

OEA45T-Multi-Products, Single Period Optimization

The main objective of superstructures is extending the model addressing a single product to multiple ones connected to the standard supply pipelines. A refinery should place and interconnect its intermediate streams to take advantage of its multiple production infrastructures. This…

OEA41T-Methods to Handle Blend Non-linearity

Linear and nonlinear data normalization, or reconciliation, entails a linear system and a nonlinear system with mass and energy scales and constraints. Nonlinear data reconciliation requires more work to create a solution strategy, but nonlinear blend models are closer to…

OEA37T-Lab Analysis of Stock and Product Qualities

In-line or continuous blending involves the mixture of several feedstocks in real-time with quality verified by installed analyzers. For in-batch productions, predetermined volumes of stock are sent into a mixing tank, and after mixing, samples are taken for laboratory analysis.…

OEA38T-Lab Exercise to solve a LP problem of a small refinery

OEA39T-Linear and Non-linear Blend Models

The most critical issue of the blending process is selecting the optimal combination of components to produce the desired final product. Different hydrocarbon streams are considered while blending stocks. This topic will discuss the comparison of linear, indexed linear, and…

OEA40T-Methodology to Assess the Current State of Blending

Refineries can evaluate their performance by comparing it with other refineries using two different indices: automation effectiveness and operational efficiency. These indices are worthwhile in estimating financial investment when considering upgrades. This topic will discuss performance measurement methodology, quantifying blending…

OEA84T-The Mysteries of Octane

This topic answers all octane 20 quiz questions with detailed explanations. You will then have a better understanding of Octane and its mysteries.

OEA86T-The Quality giveaway-Concept, Cost and reduction Benefits

This topic will discuss the concept of quality giveaway and violation, cost estimation of RON and RVP giveaways, analysis of refinery giveaway data, butane blending for RVP, losing tangible benefits by the quality giveaway, estimation of quality giveaway cost, the…

OEA87T-The Road Map to MCOR of Refinery Offsite Operations

This topic will discuss refinery onsite versus offsite operations, MCOR of refinery operations, the effect of the MCOR on the bottom line, downstream refining challenges, benefits of automation of offsite operations, steps for efficient and effective operations. Further, it will…

OEA70T-Strategic Fuels Blending Management and Technology

Modern automotive fuel could have come from as many as 15 different sources of hydrocarbons, each affecting the final specification and overall cost. Products can be mixed by various processes. This topic will discuss challenges and factors affecting successful blends,…

OEA80T-Tanks Fugitive Emission Measurement and Control

Fugitive emissions can come from many sources. This topic will discuss methods to measure fugitive emissions, methods to generate periodical emission reports from fixed roof tanks, external flat floating roof tanks, external domed floating roof tanks, internal floating roof tanks,…

OEA81T-Terminal Operations

This topic will discuss the supply chain, custody transfer challenges, specific challenges of marine terminals, refinery feeds receipt and product shipment, truck terminals, and challenges. In addition, the topic will discuss more product shipment via trucks, truck terminal plot diagrams,…

OEA83T-Tanks Quality Analysis, Measurement and Prediction

This topic will discuss methods to determine tank quality, method 1 – tank sample and lab analysis, a method to determine sampling and lab analysis load, typical refinery lab analysis load distribution, the economics of lab analysis, the justification to…

OEA75T-The Journey of Octane thru Refinery Lanes

OEA76T-Tanks Farm Management

This topic will discuss the need for storage, stages of storage, products and tank types, distribution of tanks & their capacities, management of a single tank vs. a tank farm, steps to determine tank inventory, methods to analyze/estimate tank qualities,…

OEA78T-Tank Gauging System

The appropriate design of a tank farm and its tank gauging system is vital for a refinery. This topic will discuss the role of a tank and required information, steps to measure parameters and inventory, level sensing technologies, illustrative automatic…

OEA79T-Tanks Inventory Management System

This topic will discuss estimation of tank inventory, tank information system (TIS), and the role of a tank required. Also, further information of a tank required process parameters for a tank, cylindrical tank anatomy, conventions, flow of calculations, tank volume…

OEA69T-Spectrum based Blend Indexes

OEA73T-How to implement a blending control and optimization project

This topic will discuss the role of a tank, tank inventory, the automatic tank gauging system (ATG), level sensing technologies, various types of gauges, the reflection of a wave from the surface, cylindrical tank anatomy and conventions, tank volume calculations…

OEA74T-A treatise of ASTM Standards

OEA68T-Single Product, Single Period Optimization

A refiner may choose a single blend spec for various grades of products. Here, quality is controlled by valves and RDOI control. A single product is chosen for a single period, then its recipe or volume is controlled according to…

OEA65T-Required Blending Data for control and Optimization

In a refinery, product blending plays a vital role in preparing final products for marketing purposes. Databases keep records of feedstock inventory, availability of tanks, and blended qualities. This topic will discuss blend component data, component quality/cost data, mandatory interfaces,…

OEA66T-Required Enterprise Changes to Implement Blending Projects

Automation needs to be efficient and sustainable to achieve an advantageous blending process while ensuring maximum profitability. This encourages a refiner to explore new technologies to meet operational targets. This topic will discuss the automation project checklist, reasons for project…

OEA67T-How to implement a oil movement and control project

OEA88T-What makes blending a complex process

There is a basic equation involved in the blending process. This topic will discuss factors behind the complexity of the blending process, blending as a nonlinear process, steps to match blending with reality, and the sources of errors. It will…

OEA89T-Why Blending Projects fail

OEA90T-Where and how to start

Key performance indicators are used to assess the blending process. This topic will discuss blending automation phases, a typical plant survey schedule, a typical study, master plan agenda, methodology to benchmark the plant blending automation state, an example of benchmark…

OEA85T-Diesel or Gasoline, Which one to produce more

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OEA21T-Data Reconciliation and Feedback

The process measurements performed by chemical plants or refineries often do not meet material and energy balance limits. To comply with the process of elimination, engineers can adjust the errors by a method called data reconciliation. This topic will discuss…

OEA32T-How to identify and reconcile fuels blending errors

Blending methods inherit multiple sources of error during operation. These are flow calculations, blending models, values, analyzers, lab testing, and forecasts. Optimization and reconciliation of blend model parameters must be conducted to maximize profitability. This topic will discuss how to…

OEA71T-Strategic Management and Automation of Refinery Offsite Operations

A refinery has various challenges in the context of offsite operations. This topic will discuss onsite vs. offsite operations, offsite operational activities, problems and challenges, integration of offsite and onsite operations, offsite operations and hydrocarbon management, ROI vs. implementation for…

OEA72T-System Architecture-Integration and Interfaces

Refinery offsite automation helps to manage real-time blending as well as oil movements. This topic will discuss refinery offsite automation islands, fuel blending integration islands, client-server architecture, system architecture, the typical technology set, required interfaces, process and system interfaces, offline…

OEA77T-Tank Farm Fundamentals

There are many stages of storage concerning all types of oil. There are also many factors affecting storage capacity. This topic will discuss refinery products, daily refinery throughputs, storage stages, factors affecting tank farm storage capacity, methods to estimate tank…

OEA82T-The Management and Automation of OM&S System in a Refinery

This topic will discuss the extent of OM&S activities in a refinery, the status of OM&S automation, the effect of refiner capacity on no. of movements, typical OM&S activities, problem areas of in-plant oil movement, computer automation of OM&S, dynamic…

OEA42T-Model-based Predictions of Tank Qualities

For refinery operation purposes, tank behavior is dynamic and complex. It is not easy to know the precise tank level or inventory soon. This may increase a refinery’s operation expenses. This topic will discuss methods to estimate product qualities, the…

OEA34T-Hydrocarbon Management in the Refining Industry

In this course, we will walk through the definition and overview of hydrocarbon management, examine the elements and processes involved, study business cases, use commercial software to perform calculations, and learn how to perform audits in the plant. This topic…

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OEA1T-Additives Control and Monitoring

Soluble chemicals, called additives, are mixed in gasoline to improve their performance characteristics. Additives are petroleum-based raw materials. The additives do not enhance the octane rating of gasoline. They serve only as lubricants and facilitate improving efficiency. This topic will…

OEA3T-Advanced Online Blend Control and Optimization

Typically, the blend control and optimization architecture are composed of three layers: offline optimizer, online control, optimization, and the regulatory blend control, or RBC. This topic will discuss the significance and applicability of all three layers individually in the scheme…

OEA4T-All about gaseous Fuels

Gaseous fuels are the foundation of potential heat energy. They are gaseous state hydrocarbons consisting of carbon monoxide and hydrogen. Pipes are used for the dissemination of gaseous fuels to transport them to their place of consumption. This topic will…

OEA5T-Analyzers and Sampling System

Physical and chemical processes add to refinery complexity. The profitability of a refinery depends on the efficiency of individual processes. Hence, there should be effective process monitoring. For the quantification of chemical and physical properties, NIR spectrometry is very efficient.…

OEA6T-Applications of Mathematical Programming in the Refining Industry

Constraints on equations concerning mathematical programming may have decision variables as well as equalities/inequalities. The performance of formulations and data accuracy are vital factors for the efficiency of the mathematical model. This topic will discuss mathematical programming and its attributes,…

OEA7T-Biofuels-A Perspective Part-I Gasohol

Biofuels are derived from waste or organic matter, such as crops. They are a reliable source of renewable energy. They are blended with other fuels like diesel and gasoline. Using them reduces the emission of carbon dioxide. This topic will…

OEA8T-Biofuels-A Perspective Part-II Gasohol

Biodiesel is a type of diesel fuel. It is obtained from animals or plants. It contains long-chain fatty acid esters composed of chemically reactive lipids. Biodiesel may be blended with Petro diesel or used alone. This topic will discuss biodiesel…

OEA9T-Blend Header Design Considerations

The blend header is a common point where the components of a blending system flow concurrently. In other words, passages of various blending components are connected to the main channel along its length, the endpoint of which is called a…

OEA10T-Blend Models

Blend operations have evolved. This evolution has led to innovations in several strategies of blend technology. The main aim here is to increase the refining margins while keeping the physical properties of the blends unaffected. This topic discusses linear/nonlinear blend…

OEA11T-Blend Optimization

Product blending is the process of allocating components to a product and the application of mathematical programming to produce the required solution. This topic discusses the technology and methodology of blend optimization.